油脂中的含皂量,即油脂经过碱炼后,残留在油脂中的皂化物数量(以油酸钠计)。
(一)仪器和用具
锥形瓶:250ml; 量筒; 微量滴定筒;恒温水浴锅;电炉;烧杯、试剂瓶等;分析天平:感量0.0001g; 天平:感量0.01g。
(二) 试剂
石油醚:沸点60~90℃;95%中性乙醇; 0.2%甲基红乙醇溶液;0.02N硫酸溶液;无水碳酸纳。
(三) 操作方法
称取混匀试样约10g(W),注入干燥的锥形瓶中,加入乙醇10ml和石油醚60ml,摇动,使试样溶解后,缓慢加入80℃的蒸馏水80ml,振摇使成乳状,滴入3滴甲基红指示剂,
趁热逐滴加入0.02N硫酸溶液,每加一滴摇一次,滴至分层下的溶液显出微红色为止。
(四)结果计算
油脂含皂按公式3-30计算:
含皂量(%)=V×N×0.304 / W×100
式中:V—滴定用去的硫酸溶液体积,ml;N—硫酸溶液的当量浓度; W—试样重量,g;0.304—每毫克当量硫酸相当于油酸钠的克数。双试验结果允许差不超过0.02%,求其平均数,即为测定结果。测定结果取小数点后第二位。
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